The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of food, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, and other products marketed in the United States. 

Its functions are diverse and comprehensive, covering various aspects of product regulation, public health protection, and consumer education. Here’s an overview of the major functional departments within the FDA: 

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) 

CDER is responsible for evaluating the safety and efficacy of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, as well as generic drugs. It oversees the drug approval process, including clinical trials, labeling, and post-market surveillance. CDER also regulates the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of pharmaceutical products. 

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) 

CBER regulates biological products, including vaccines, blood and blood products, cellular and gene therapies, and tissue-based products. It ensures the safety, purity, and potency of these products through pre-market evaluation, manufacturing oversight, and post-market surveillance. 

Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) 

CDRH regulates medical devices, including diagnostic tests, implants, imaging equipment, and radiation-emitting devices. It evaluates the safety and effectiveness of new devices, establishes performance standards, and oversees device manufacturing practices. CDRH also monitors device recalls and adverse event reports. 

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) 

CFSAN oversees the safety and labeling of food, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. It conducts research, develops regulations, and enforces compliance with food safety standards. CFSAN also educates consumers and industry stakeholders on nutrition, foodborne illness prevention, and cosmetic safety. 

Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) 

CVM regulates animal drugs, feed additives, and veterinary devices to ensure the safety of animal products and the health of animals. It evaluates the effectiveness and safety of veterinary products, establishes standards for their use, and monitors their post-market safety. 

Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA) 

ORA is responsible for inspecting regulated products, facilities, and manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with FDA regulations. It conducts inspections, investigates consumer complaints, and takes enforcement actions against violators of FDA regulations. ORA also provides training and technical assistance to FDA field staff. 

Office of the Commissioner (OC) 

The Office of the Commissioner provides leadership and strategic direction to the FDA. It coordinates the agency’s activities, liaises with other government agencies and stakeholders, and communicates FDA policies and decisions to the public. OC also oversees budgetary and administrative functions within the FDA. 

Office of Policy, Planning, Legislation, and Analysis (OPPLA) 

OPPLA develops and implements FDA policies, regulations, and legislative initiatives. It analyzes public health issues, assesses regulatory impact, and coordinates the development of regulatory strategies. OPPLA also manages FDA’s interactions with Congress and provides legal and policy guidance to the agency. 

Summary

These functional departments work collaboratively to fulfill the FDA’s mission of protecting and promoting public health through effective regulation and oversight of regulated products. Each department plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of products available to consumers in the United States.